Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

 Cognitive Behavior Therapy integrates features of behavior modification into the traditional cognitive restructuring approach.  This therapy model is essentially a combination of Behavior Therapy (BT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT). (1)

• BT focuses on observable behavior and its modification in the present.  
• CT focuses on changing negative thoughts or cognitive distortions.

 Goals of CBT:

• Change unhealthy behavior
• Define assumptions behind thoughts
• Eliminate or redirect unhealthy thoughts with cognitive restructuring

Three areas CBT is designed to impact

1.  Depression
2. Anxiety
3. Socialization

(1) Dobson, K.S. (ed) (2001), Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral therapies (2^nd edition). New York: Guliford Press.

TECHNIQUES of CBT (2)

Validity Testing.  The therapist asks the patient to defend his or her thinking.  It the patient is unable to substantiate the beleifs, then the therapist points out the error in the paitents thinking.
Cognitive rehearsal.  The patient is ask to think about and recreate a difficult sitinton from theri past.  The patient and the therapist work through a postive solution to the problem.  The patient is shown how to draw from this rehered solution to better cope with similar future problems.
Guided Discovery.  The therapist asks the patient questions designed to guide the patient towards the reasonsoning for the cognitive distortion.
Writing in a journal.  The patient keeps a journal about day to day interactions, the therapist reviews the journal with the patient to discover maladaptive behavors and to then discover how these thoughts impact behavior.
Homework.  The therapist may assign homework assignement to include, journaling, reading, notetaking, audio recording.  The goal of this technique is to bring to light new solutions to behavior and thinking distortions discovered and applying newly learned strageies and coping skills.
Modeling.  The therapist conducts role playing exercises to demonstrate appropriate reations to different situation.  The patient then models the appropriate behavior.
Systematic positive reinforcement.  Positive behavior is rewarded and motivated.  Rules are established by the therapist that specify behavors to be rewarded.  This techniques is based larglely on behaviorism.  Tokens for example are used to note a reward, accumulated tokens are then rewarded with an established reward.
Aversive conditioning.  This techniqe uses principles of classical conditioning to lessen the appeal of a behavior that is difficult to change because of the habitual nature.  The behavior is exposed to unpleasant  stimulus while engaged in the behavior.  Eventually the behavior is associated with the unpleaseant simulus.
(2) Techniques of CBT found from, http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Cognitive-behavioral-therapy.html.

Discussion Board Questions

Questions to consider during the discussion board for CBT.  Please choose one question for each of your two substantial postings for the CBT discussion board.

1. The VR process is specifically designed to assist consumers reach their employment outcome.  Your consumer has revealed that she was having problems with co-worker relationships and supervisory feedback on her previous job.  She was eventually terminated.  Which CBT theory would you expect a therapist to utilize with your referral?
2.  Do you have a favorite CBT therapy of the ones listed?
3. Now that you have had time to review the material on Cognitive  Behavioral Therapy, what is at least one criticism that you have discovered?
4.  What type of disabilitiy do you think  CBT can mitigate, please mention the modality and specific disability?

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The  following list of CBT’s is resourced from Wikipedia, sited below.

• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is a “third wave” behavior therapy, developed by Stephen Hayes based on relational frame theory.
• Anxiety Management Training was developed by Suinn and Richardson (1971) for helping clients control their anxiety by the use of relaxation and other skills.^[1]
• Applied Behavioral Analysis, described by Baer, Wolf and Risley in 1968 ^[2], is the science of applying experimentally derived principles of behavior to improve socially significant behavior.
• Behavioral activation is a behavioral approach to treating depression, developed by Neil Jacobson and others.
• Behavior Modification is a term originally used by Edward Thorndike in 1911.
• Behavior therapy
• Cognitive Therapy was developed by Aaron Beck^[3][4] and has become of the most studied psychosocial treatments.
• Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Cognitive analytic therapy
• Cognitive-behavior Modification
• Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy
• Contingency Management
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy
• Direct therapeutic exposure
• Exposure and response prevention
• Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
• Interactive Cognitive Subsystems
• Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy
• Multimodal Therapy
• Problem-Solving Therapy^[1]
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, formerly called Rational Therapy and Rational Emotive Therapy^[5], was founded by Albert Ellis and is “regarded by many as one of the premiere examples of the cognitive-behavioral approach”^[1]
• Reality Therapy
• Relapse Prevention
• Self Control Training.
• Self Instructional Training was developed by Donald Meichenbaum, influenced by the developmental psychology of Alexander Luria and Lev Vygotsky, designed to treat the mediational deficiencies of impulsive children^[1]
• Stress Inoculation Training^[1]
• Systematic desensitization is an anxiety reduction technique, developed by Joseph Wolpe.
• Systematic Rational Restructuring was an attempt by Marvin Goldfried to reanalyze systematic desensitization in terms of cognitive mediation and coping skills.^[1]
• Prolonged Exposure Therapy

 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive%E2%80%93behavioral_therapies